1. People and other animals are infected with WNV by the bite of a mosquito that gets the virus from:

• a. Another mosquito.
• b. Feeding on an infected human.
• c. Feeding on an infected bird.
• d. A dead animal.

2. In outbreaks of West Nile infection in the United States, what percentage of people become seriously ill?

• a. Less than 25%
• b. Less than 15%
• c. Less than 10%
• d. Less than 1%

3. As of December 31, 2007, most states have reported human and animal cases of WNV infection. Which areas of the United States have not had a documented case of WNV?

• a. Kentucky and West Virginia
• b. North Carolina, South Carolina, and Florida
• c. Alaska and Hawaii
• d. Minnesota and North Dakota

4. Among all reported cases of WNV in humans, the median age is:

• a. 92.
• b. 55.
• c. 24.
• d. 11.

5. Which statement about the mosquito entomology is correct?

• a. Female mosquitoes may lay her eggs on dry ground.
• b. The bite of the male mosquito is the same as that of the female.
• c. The final stage of mosquito development is the larva or wriggler.
• d. Before the female lays her eggs she obtains a blood meal.

6. Blood from which animal species is "preferred" by Culex pipiens mosquito?

• a. Dogs
• b. Bats
• c. Humans
• d. Birds

7. Infectious mosquitoes carry WNV particles in which part of their bodies?

• a. Salivary glands
• b. Feet
• c. Wings
• d. Lungs

8. All of the following statements about birds and WNV are true except one. Choose the incorrect statement.

• a. Most infected birds survive.
• b. Most infected birds die.
• c. There is no evidence that a person can get WNV from handling infected birds.
• d. It is always prudent to avoid bare-handed contact with dead animals.

9. Which statement is true about the WNV vaccine in horses?

• a. Vaccines may only be administered by a licensed veterinarian.
• b. Insect repellant is just as effective as a vaccine.
• c. Vaccines should be administered prior to mosquito season.
• d. Horse vaccine for WNV is given only once in the horse's lifetime.

10. In severe cases of WNV, neurologic presentations have included:

• a. Symptoms that last 3 to 6 days.
• b. A mild febrile disease with a rash in some people.
• c. Contralateral hemiparesis.
• d. Ataxia and extrapyramidal signs.

11. Laboratory and healthcare workers should be vigilant about possible WNV infection because WNV may be present in blood, serum, tissues and cerebrospinal fluid of infected humans, birds, mammals and reptiles.

• a. True
• b. False

12. There is no specific treatment for WNV infection and care is supportive.

• a. True
• b. False

13. Which of the following actions does not provide protection from exposure to the WNV-carrying mosquito?

• a. Wear long clothes or use insect repellent when out after dusk or in shaded areas during the daytime.
• b. Eliminate artificial water-collecting containers that are prime breeding spots for the mosquito species.
• c. Aerate swimming pools and ponds and consider stocking with mosquito-eating fish.
• d. Apply sunscreen or hand lotion to bare skin.

14. Surveillance is:

• a. A low priority because bird migration makes it difficult to track the spread of WNV.
• b. A high priority for states affected by WNV because of bird migration patterns.
• c. Not cost-effective with a rapidly-spreading disease such as WNV.
• d. Currently in phase 1 clinical trials for WNV.