1. Forensic medicine:

• a. Arose is the late 1940s due to medical advances during WWII.
• b. Establishes facts pertaining to unexplained or suspicious deaths.
• c. Is practiced only by medical doctors and psychiatrists.
• d. Is usually successful in finding the perpetrator of the crime.

2. In the early 1800s, most autopsies were performed by physicians with specialized training.

• a. True.
• b. False.

3. Over the course of the nineteenth century, investigations of sudden or suspicious death became institutionalized. Which statement about this period is true?

• a. Coroners no longer employed physicians on a regular basis.
• b. Pathological anatomy and toxicology were not yet used in investigations.
• c. Legal codes and police procedures were nonexistent.
• d. Paperwork proliferated and became more standardized.

4. Today in the United States, most jurisdictions use a hybrid of the coroner and medical examiner systems.

• a. True
• b. False

5. Spectroscopic analysis:

• a. Allows us to examine the body for concealed wounds or foreign objects.
• b. Reveals invisible traces of poison.
• c. Analyses blood, tissues, and material found on or near the body.
• d. Helps us see tiny lesions, crystals, and microbes.

6. An epidemic of gunshot wounds in the nineteenth century caused their study to become an integral part of criminal investigation and forensic pathology. The gunshot wound epidemic was due to:

• a. The migration of people from rural to urban areas.
• b. The mass manufacture of guns.
• c. The advent of industrialization.
• d. A breakdown of the moral order.

7. The core practice of forensic medicine is:

• a. DNA analysis.
• b. Autopsy.
• c. Visual examination.
• d. Spectroscopic analysis.

8. The first step in an autopsy is:

• a. Cutting open the body to view organs.
• b. Taking tissue samples for lab examination.
• c. Visual survey of body surface.
• d. The removal of foreign objects such as bullets for microscopic examination.

9. Entomology is used to estimate the time elapsed since death. Entomology is:

• a. The exploration of a word's history.
• b. The study of causation.
• c. The study of the distribution of living organisms.
• d. The study of insects.

10. The life cycle of the blow fly can be used to help determine the time elapsed since death because:

• a. It is the only insect always found on a dead body.
• b. Third-stage maggots cause a measurable temperature rise.
• c. The number of eggs can be counted to determine time of death.
• d. The blow fly has a predictable pattern of development that can be observed on the body.

11. In the nineteenth century, toxicology developed as a specialized field of forensic medicine. The main reason was to:

• a. Detect the chemical after-effects of gunshot wounds.
• b. Provide a method for detecting commercially manufactured poisons.
• c. Test for the presence of bacteria and viruses.
• d. Help to ascertain the correct dosage for medications such as penicillin.

12. In the mid twentieth century, investigators were using microscopes to study tissues, wounds, and fluids from victims and suspects, and to link the victim's body to the perpetrator and crime scene.

• a. True
• b. False

13. A photomicrograph is a photograph of:

• a. A microscopic view.
• b. The external body surface.
• c. A very small picture.
• d. The internal organs.

14. In modern times, gas chromatography and mass spectrometry are used to:

• a. Detect the presence of specific poisons in tissue.
• b. View microorganisms and the characteristics of hairs and fibers.
• c. Identify and match organic and inorganic substances for forensic purposes.
• d. Enable forensic investigators to make visual records of what they see.

15. Anthropometry or bertillonage, is:

• a. A rigorous method of measuring and categorizing public school children.
• b. A system of precise measurements, photographs, and notes used to make a descriptive record of individual suspects.
• c. A method used by police to profile individuals who they suspect may commit a crime.
• d. The study of the history of human physical development.

16. Fingerprinting, developed in the 1860s, was used for all of the following except:

• a. To detect false pension claims.
• b. To help secure a conviction for murder.
• c. To reliably identify citizens, colonial subjects, prisoners, and habitual criminals.
• d. To reveal the presence of carbon monoxide and other poisons.

17. The nutshell studies of unexplained death are:

• a. Concise descriptions of a crime scene.
• b. Miniature crime scenes based on actual incidents used as teaching aids.
• c. Discredited today.
• d. Exhibits in a Maryland museum of famous crimes.

18. Two approaches to chemical detection and identification are:

• a. Gas chromatography and mass spectrometry.
• b. DNA profiling and gas spectrometry.
• c. Photomicroscopy and microscopy.
• d. Fingerprinting and bertillonage.

19. Using x-rays, CT scans, MRIs, and other technologies, radiologists can do all of the following except:

• a. Track projectile paths inside the body.
• b. Use DNA to identify a perpetrator.
• c. Help to identify victims whose remains are degraded.
• d. Create 3-D images of the human form.

20. Virtopsy provides a virtual autopsy by use of:

• a. Desktop computers and special software.
• b. Remote computers at long distances.
• c. MRIs, CT scans, and other electronic imaging.
• d. Medical examiners located as far away as Southeast Asia.