Balance and Falls

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You must score 70% or better to pass this course. Select one answer for each question by clicking the circle at the left of your choice. To change your selection, click a different circle. Do not skip any questions.

Test Question

1. The ability to maintain the body's center of mass over its base of support is called:

a. Sensory awareness.
b. Balance.
c. Ankle strategy.
d. Kinesthetic awareness.

Test Question

2. Many factors contribute to falls and subsequent injury. Which of the following is a significant risk factor for falls?

a. Being a woman between the ages of 50 and 65
b. Good muscle control and frequent activity
c. Use of more than four medications
d. Properly fitting wheelchairs

Test Question

3. Which of the following is an internal risk factor for falls?

a. Slippery floors and uneven surfaces
b. Medication changes
c. Joint pain and arthritis
d. Suboptimal care

Test Question

4. Which of the following is an external risk factor for falls?

a. Joint pain, arthritis, hip fracture, foot disabilities
b. Lower extremity weakness and functional decline
c. Dysrhythmias, hypotension
d. Suboptimal care, fall in last 30 days

Test Question

5. What is the leading cause of injury death in the United States among adults over age 65?

a. Auto accidents
b. Falls
c. Assault
d. Drowning

Test Question

6. Which statement about hips fractures is true?

a. Very few hip fractures are caused by falls and most are related to disease.
b. Hip fractures are common but not costly.
c. Seventy-five percent of hip fractures are sustained by men.
d. Most older adults who suffer hip fractures never regain their prior level of function.

Test Question

7. Which of the following nursing interventions is appropriate for a person with a balance deficit using four or more prescription medications?

a. Review medications with primary physician
b. Increase medications
c. Discontinue all medications that may affect balance
d. Treat incontinence

Test Question

8. Which of the following is an acceptable therapy intervention when a range of motion impairment affects balance?

a. Evaluate and address environmental hazards
b. Address deficits in range of motion
c. Check medications and alter if needed
d. Assess equipment and change if needed

Test Question

9. The subjective part of a balance evaluation should include:

a. Reflex testing, hearing and eye tests.
b. Medical history, review of medications, and recent history of falls.
c. Assessment of ankle, hip, and stepping strategies.
d. Psychological assessment.

Test Question

10. Which of the following is an example of a functional mobility task?

a. Riding a bicycle
b. Lifting weights
c. Transferring from a bed to a chair
d. Reading a book

Test Question

11. An example of a commonly used functional mobility test is:

a. Foam and Dome Test
b. Treadmill Test
c. Glascow Coma Scale
d. Berg Functional Mobility Test

Test Question

12. The Functional Reach Test is a quick and simple, single-task dynamic test that is defined as the maximal distance a person can:

a. Reach in 3 minutes at normal walking speed with or without assistive device.
b. Reach forward beyond arm's length while maintaining a fixed base in the standing position.
c. Step forward while maintaining an erect upper body.
d. Reach to the side while maintaining a fixed base of support in the standing position.

Test Question

13. One aspect of community ambulation is the ability to:

a. Walk independently in the home.
b. Drive to the store.
c. Walk 300 meters or 1000 feet.
d. Walk in the yard.

Test Question

14. A quick and easy gait test that can be performed in the hospital or clinic is called:

a. Tinetti Test
b. Berg Test
c. Three-Minute Walk Test
d. Functional Reach Test

Test Question

15. An average older adult with no neurologic impairment should be able to walk about 727 feet in:

a. 3 minutes
b. 10 minutes
c. 1–2 minutes
d. 15 minutes

Test Question

16. Three components of the musculoskeletal evaluation include:

a. Hearing, vision and touch.
b. Strength, ROM, and pain.
c. Ankle, hip, and stepping strategy.
d. Pain, vision and kinesthetic awareness.

Test Question

17. Three movement strategies used for balance are:

a. Pain, ROM, and kinesthetic awareness.
b. Reaching, stepping, and strength.
c. Ankle, hip, and stepping.
d. Vision, touch, and vestibular.

Test Question

18. Another name for the ankle strategy is:

a. Functional reach.
b. The Berg Test.
c. Ankle sway.
d. Functional mobility.

Test Question

19. The three sensory systems that contribute to balance are:

a. Visual, vestibular, and somatosensory.
b. Pain, ROM, and strength.
c. Hearing, taste, and smell.
d. Pain, temperature, and proprioception.

Test Question

20. Somatosensory input consists of touch and proprioception. Why is this input important for balance and postural control?

a. It provides feedback re positioning in space, body sway, and changes in terrain.
b. The somatosensory system processes information about movement with respect to gravity.
c. Sensory input from touch and proprioception has little effect on balance and falls.
d. It tells us about object-to-object orientation.

Test Question

21. Which of the following disorders might be associated with somatosensory impairment?

a. Vertigo
b. Aphasia
c. Stroke
d. Viral infection

Test Question

22. Improper sensory selection is defined as:

a. A problem with the vestibular system that leads to impaired gaze stabilization.
b. Inflexible or improper sensory weighting.
c. The inability to remember what is most important for a specific task.
d. A visual impairment caused by loss of central vision.

Test Question

23. One change in balance that occurs due to age is:

a. Increase in pain.
b. Slowed response to losses of balance.
c. No age-related changes.
d. Loss of social support.

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