Electrical Stimulation Therapy

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You must score 70% or better to pass this course. Select one answer for each question by clicking the circle at the left of your choice. To change your selection, click a different circle. Do not skip any questions.

Test Question

1. Which one of the following cellular components regulates the interchange of substances between the inside and outside of a cell?

a. The cell membrane
b. The potassium ion
c. The sodium ion
d. The interior of the cell

Test Question

2. The difference between the electrical charge inside and outside of the cell is known as:

a. Active transport.
b. Resting potential.
c. Membrane polarization.
d. Voltage-sensitive permeability.

Test Question

3. What is the result of the cell's continually moving sodium from inside to outside?

a. The cell balances this charge by moving potassium to the inside.
b. A lower concentration of potassium occurs inside the cell.
c. The electrical gradient has a negative charge outside and a positive charge inside.
d. A higher concentration of both potassium and sodium occurs inside the cell.

Test Question

4. The brain and spinal cord make up what part of the nervous system?

a. The central nervous system
b. The peripheral nervous system
c. The cranial nerve system
d. The spinal nerve system

Test Question

5. Afferent fibers are spinal nerves fibers of the peripheral nervous system that convey what type of information?

a. Only conscious information such as pain.
b. Only unconscious information such as pain.
c. Conscious and unconscious information such as pain.
d. Information to a muscle for voluntary movement.

Test Question

6. A contraction initiated by electrical stimulus is just the same as a twitch contraction arising from voluntary activity.

a. True
b. False

Test Question

7. What are two types of current used in rehabilitation capable of producing specific physiological changes?

a. Universal and generating
b. Alternating and direct
c. Consistent and inconsistent
d. Volts and amperes

Test Question

8. For most physiologic applications, which is better?

a. A constant voltage source
b. An intermittent voltage source
c. A constant current source
d. An intermittent current source

Test Question

9. High-volt pulsed galvanic electrical stimulators are most useful in which one of the following conditions?

a. Chronic back pain
b. Minor sports injuries
c. Chronic headaches
d. Acute injuries with major tissue trauma

Test Question

10. The positive pad used in galvanic stimulation causes which of the following changes?

a. Reduction in circulation
b. Increase in swelling
c. Changes like those seen with heat
d. Increase in circulation

Test Question

11. In physical therapy, corticosteroids are used with iontophoresis because they have which of the following properties?

a. They have an anti-inflammatory effect.
b. They are relatively expensive with a fair rate of reimbursement.
c. They are unstable.
d. They are available over the counter.

Test Question

12. The use of TENS to reduce pain is based on the gate theory. When painful peripheral stimulation occurs, what carries the information to open the gate and reach the cortex?

a. C fibers and T cells
b. A fibers and T cells
c. T fibers and T cells
d. E fibers and T cells

Test Question

13. Interferential current therapy (IFC) is based on which of the following?

a. Summation of two direct-current signals of slightly different frequencies.
b. A single alternating current with varying frequency.
c. Summation of two alternating-current signals of greatly varying frequencies.
d. Summation of two alternating-current signals of slightly different frequencies.

Test Question

14. Neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) is applied to elicit relaxation of a muscle.

a. True
b. False

Test Question

15. The orientation of electrodes used in therapeutic systems can be all except:

a. Monopolar.
b. Bipolar.
c. Tripolar.
d. Quadripolar.

Test Question

16. Some clinicians prefer interference current (IFC) for treatment of muscle pain because it:

a. Interferes with the storage of glucose.
b. Penetrates deeper than other forms of TENS.
c. Increases the body's immune response.
d. Creates heat and stimulates circulation.

Test Question

17. Electrical stimulation is used for the traumatic edema of a sprain to enhance lymphatic and venous drainage.

a. True
b. False

Test Question

18. In using neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) for rehabilitation, the optimal size of the electrode is based on the:

a. Size of the nerve fiber.
b. Desired muscular response.
c. Distance from the heart.
d. Type of current used.

Test Question

19. Which one of the following is an example of an application of functional electrostimulation (FES)?

a. Enhancing dorsiflexion during the swing phase of gait
b. Normalizing the heart rhythm
c. Maintaining adequate electrolyte levels
d. Increasing the metabolic rate

Test Question

20. To improve circulation, a contraction of what percentage is sufficient?

a. 85% to 95%
b. 60% to 75%
c. 45% to 50%
d. 10% to 30%

Test Question

21. The application of high-volt pulsed current (HVPC) helps to:

a. Stimulate the peripheral nervous system.
b. Dissolve and reabsorb hemorrhaging at the wound margin.
c. Energize the lethargic patient.
d. Improve mood and responsiveness.

Test Question

22. You can adjust the sensitivity of a pacemaker to allow electrostimulation if you have the patient's permission.

a. True
b. False

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