1. Type 1 diabetes is characterized by:

• a. Insulin insensitivity.
• b. Onset generally in older adults.
• c. Insulin sensitivity.
• d. Pancreatic overproduction.

2. Type 2 diabetes is characterized by:

• a. Insulin insensitivity.
• b. Rapid intake of glucose in the tissues.
• c. Insulin sensitivity.
• d. Appearance at an early age.

3. The following are all characteristics of metabolic syndrome:

• a. Hypertension, hypoglycemia, and high HDL
• b. Intra-abdominal obesity, hypertension, and low HDL
• c. Dyslipidemia, intra-abdominal obesity, and insulin insensitivity
• d. Intra-abdominal obesity, hypotension, and low LDLs

4. Conditions common to both definitions of metabolic syndrome include:

• a. Abdominal obesity, low HDL, and hypertension.
• b. Hypertension, high HDL, and high triglycerides.
• c. Low HDL, abdominal obesity, low fasting glucose.
• d. Diabetes, hypertension, and low triglycerides.

5. Following the clinical definitions, you can rule out metabolic syndrome if they have:

• a. Normal fasting glucose levels.
• b. Normal blood pressure.
• c. Normal blood pressure and normal fasting glucose levels.
• d. High blood pressure and normal fasting glucose levels.

6. What percentage of the adult U.S. population has metabolic syndrome?

• a. 5% to 7%
• b. 12% to 16%
• c. 21% to 32%
• d. 42% to 45%

7. The body shape most closely associated with metabolic syndrome is:

• a. Gynecoid (pear shaped).
• b. Ovoid (egg shaped).
• c. Android (apple shaped).
• d. Droid (star shaped).

8. Which one of these is directly useful for diagnosing metabolic syndrome?

• a. Blood urea nitrogen (BUN) levels
• b. Coronary angiograms (catheterizations)
• c. Chest x-rays
• d. Waist circumference measurements

9. To get an accurate idea of a person's blood pressure, you must:

• a. Take the blood pressure while the person is standing.
• b. Take the blood pressure on more than one occasion.
• c. Take the blood pressure early in the day.
• d. Take the blood pressure both before and after exercise.

10. Which organ contains the cells that produce the body's insulin?

• a. Liver
• b. Gall bladder
• c. Stomach
• d. Pancreas

11. Hyperglycemia means:

• a. More than the normal amount of insulin in the blood.
• b. More than the normal amount of glucose in the blood.
• c. More than the normal amount of triglycerides in the blood.
• d. More than the normal amount of cholesterol in the blood.

12. Which fasting glucose value would suggest possible metabolic syndrome?

• a. 45 mg/dL
• b. 60 mg/dL
• c. 100 mg/dL
• d. 110 mg/dL

13. Dyslipidemia is a condition characterized by:

• a. Lipids in the blood.
• b. A tendency to misspeak.
• c. A reading disability.
• d. Unhealthy levels of lipid in the blood.

14. Which fasting triglyceride value would suggest metabolic syndrome?

• a. 100 mg/dL
• b. 120 mg/dL
• c. 140 mg/dL
• d. 160 mg/dL

15. Which fasting level of HDL cholesterol would suggest metabolic syndrome in women?

• a. 40 mg/dL
• b. 70 mg/dL
• c. 90 mg/dL
• d. 110 mg/dL

16. Which of these statements is true?

• a. Obesity is usually caused by an endocrine disorder.
• b. Genetics plays very little role in a person's becoming obese.
• c. Weight gain due to medications is a convenient myth.
• d. A malnourished mother can give birth to a baby with a tendency toward obesity.

17. Which of the following directly causes insulin resistance?

• a. Most cancers
• b. Coronary heart disease
• c. Excess visceral fat
• d. Poor hygiene

18. Lipoproteins are:

• a. Spherical carriers of carbohydrate and protein.
• b. Vehicles for transferring proteins to the muscles.
• c. Fat-carrying proteins in the blood.
• d. Best reduced to the lowest possible levels.

19. Hyperinsulinemia:

• a. Increases the blood volume.
• b. Decreases the kidney's reabsorption of sodium and water.
• c. Is unrelated to cardiac output.
• d. Means you have too little insulin in your blood.

20. Atherogenic means:

• a. Tending to cause blood clots.
• b. Tending to cause atherosclerotic plaque.
• c. Tending to break up blood clots.
• d. Tending to reduce atherosclerotic plaque.

21. Which pair of serious health problems are the most common results of metabolic syndrome?

• a. Colon cancer and stroke
• b. Coronary heart disease and type 2 diabetes
• c. Pulmonary hypertension and portal hypertension
• d. Breast cancer and prostatic cancer

22. Which of the following is true about metabolic syndrome?

• a. At least three components of the syndrome must be seen before treatment is begun.
• b. Triglyceride levels can be ignored until other components are present.
• c. Metabolic syndrome lowers the threshold for the treatment of all its components.
• d. Only blood pressure levels >140/90 mm Hg need to be treated.

23. In metabolic syndrome, physical exercise:

• a. Is helpful for weight loss only.
• b. Is carefully restricted.
• c. Helps to reduce insulin resistance and triglyceride levels.
• d. Tends to increase levels of hypertension.

24. Which of these is associated with increased risk of heart disease?

• a. Elevated blood HDL cholesterol
• b. Elevated blood LDL cholesterol
• c. Decreased blood triglycerides
• d. Decreased blood glucose

25. Statins are the first choice for lowering blood levels of:

• a. LDL cholesterol.
• b. HDL cholesterol.
• c. Fatty acids.
• d. Glucose.

26. Prothrombotic state means a higher-than-normal likelihood to develop:

• a. Type 2 diabetes.
• b. Colon cancer.
• c. Hypertension.
• d. Blood clots.

27. Important measures to prevent metabolic syndrome include:

• a. Avoiding crowds during the flu season.
• b. Drinking cranberry juice and other acidic beverages.
• c. Staying thin and getting plenty of regular exercise.
• d. Avoiding fad diets.